Course Catalogue

2.1     Title of the module: BHC101 Health and Bhutan Health Care System

 

Programme: Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Midwifery

 

Level: Year 1, semester 1

 

Credit Value: 12 credits (T = 120hrs, L = 0hr, P = 0hr) Module leader: Tshewang Nidup

Module tutor: Kinzang Dorji

 

General Objectives

This module is designed to develop students’ understanding in primary health care and its utilization to analyze health care structure, policy and health care delivery system in Bhutan. To promote students’ ability to critically analyze health situations, health issues and factors affecting health of Bhutanese and health care delivery system. This module will also help students to understand principles of Gross National Happiness (GNH) and health in relation to happiness of an individual, families and community. This also enables students to analyze the health care delivery system in relation to GNH principles.

Learning Outcomes

On completion of the module the students will be able to:

  1. Explain the elements of primary health care system
  2. Discuss the significance of primary health care in Bhutan
  3. Explain national structure, health policy, health care development and health workforce in

Bhutan.

  1. Distinguish the significance of primary health care with that of the tertiary health care
  2. Explain health care indicators of the country.
  3. Discuss the significance of public private partnership in promotion and maintenance of the health of the people
  4. Discuss issues on the changing life style, and its impact on health of the people
  5. Discuss health care system and political commitment for health
  6. Explain the National Policy of Bhutan in brief
  7. Explain the health policy of Bhutan
  8. Describe national health care delivery system
  9. List down the programs under the health care delivery system

 

 

  1. Describe the duties and responsibilities of different categories of health care providers
  2. Discuss the sustainability of free health care services through focus on shift in the health paradigm.
  3. Discuss the importance of traditional and modern health care services in accordance to the health seeking behavior of the people.
  4. Discuss the challenges of the health services in Bhutan with that of the global health trends
  5. Discuss the significance of health management information system for the development and sustainability of the health
  6. Explain the   importance   of   community   involvement,   participation,   multi-sectoral collaboration and political commitment to health
  7. Describe the importance of socio-cultural perspectives in delivering health care to the user oriented
  8. Explain the importance of health in relation to happiness of an individual, families and community.
  9. Discuss the role of Gross National Happiness on health.
  10. Analyze the relationship between health and wealth.

 

 

Skills to be developed:

Learning and teaching approach:

  • Lecture
  • Group discussion
  • Presentation
  • Self study.
  • Case studies
  • Attending conference (if any)

 

 

Mode of assessment

Formative

  • Class participation
  • Literature review
  • Discussion

 

Summative Assessment

Weightage

Theory

100

·    Ongoing summative: presentation and

 

assignment

40%

·    End summative: Examination

60%

 

Pre-requisite knowledge

 

 

Resource required: LCD, white board, and computer.

 

 

Subject matter of the module

 

Session

(hrs.)

 

Topics

 

Methods of T/L

 

Remarks

1(10 hrs.)

Concept of Primary Health Care (PHC)

·  Introduction to Primary Health Care

·  Elements of PHC

·  Principles of PHC

·  Revitalizing PHC

·  Application of primary health care

·  Challenges of the changing world

·  Advancing and sustaining universal coverage and reaching the un-reached

·  Public policies for public’s health

·  Health   facilities   and   infrastructure,   Public- private partnership(PPP)

·  Decentralized    health    care    system    and political commitment for health

Lecture, discussion,

Individual assignment

Students will do

literature search on the topics

2(7 hrs.)

Population, society and health

·  Size,  structure  and  settlement  patterns  of population

·  Ethnic Groups

·  Marriage and family life

·  Housing, self-sufficiency and health

·  Impacts on health

Lecture,

Group work, Presentation, Discussion

Students will do

literature search on the topics

3(8 hrs.)

Life styles and Risk factors

·  Substance abuse

·  Smoking

·  Chewing/snuffing tobacco

·  Doma (chewing of beetle quid)

·  Body mass index (BMI)

·  Suicidal thoughts and attempts

·  Sexual practices

·  Legal  issues  related  to  matrimonial  issues, reproductive issues.

Lecture Group work,

Presentation, Discussion

Students will do

literature search on the topics

4(3 hrs.)

Health Indicators, Determinants of health,

Sustainable Development Goals, Indicators and all for health concept.

Lecture Discussion

Students will do

literature search on the topics

5(8 hrs.)

Bhutan Health care system

·  Health care development system in Bhutan

·  Health system in Bhutan

·  Health care utilization

·  Health care access

·  Barriers to health care services

·  Health care choice

Lecture

Discussion Group work, Presentation Assignment,

Students will do

literature search on the topics

 

 

 

 

·  Bhutan  National  health  Policy,  strategies, structures

·  Bhutanese health care system

·  Rapid development and progress

·  Selective health indicators

 

 

6(5 hrs.)

Resources for health care delivery

·  Human resources

·  Financial resources

·  Physical infrastructure

·  Drugs, non-drugs and other supplies

·  Intersectoral collaboration

·  Participation

Lecture

Group work

Students will do

literature search on the topics

7(6 hrs.)

Health Services

·  Preventive and promotive health

·  Curative health

·  Health programs

·    Reproductive health and family planning

·    Mental health

·    Lifestyle related disease

·    National HIV/AIDS

·    TB/Leprosy

·    CDD/ARI

·    Disability prevention and rehabilitation

·    Nutrition

·    Vaccine preventable disease

·    Vector borne disease control

·    Comprehensive school health

Lecture Discussion

Group work, Presentation

Students will do

literature search on the topics

8(6 hrs.)

Future trends in health care

·  Moving to modern health care

·    Integrated health care delivery

·    Hi-tech health care

·  Traditional medicine

·  Trend     of     communicable     and     non- communicable diseases

·  Leading health problems

·    Substance abuse

·    Teenage pregnancy

·    Suicide

Lecture, Discussion,

Group work,

Students will do

literature search on the topics

9(5 hrs.)

National and Global Health Issues

·  Retention of health care professionals

·  Increased health care cost

·  Aging population

·  Double burden of diseases

·  Emerging of new diseases

Lecture

Small              Group Discussion, Presentation

Students will do

literature search on the topics

9(5 hrs.)

National and Global Health Issues

·  Retention of health care professionals

Lecture

Small              Group

Students will do

literature search

59

 

 

 

 

·  Increased health care cost

·  Aging population

·  Double burden of diseases

·  Emerging of new diseases

Discussion,

Presentation

on the topics

10(8hrs)

Challenges and opportunities of the Health

Care System

·    Acute shortages of qualified health workers

·    Rising cost of health care globally

·    Increased prevalence of disorders

·    Sustainability of free health care services both within and outside Bhutan

·    Increasing demand of the public for better quality of health care services free of cost

·    Difficult terrain of the country to provide effective health care services

·    Low literacy of the population

·    Ignorance   of   the   value   of   health   care services as everything is provided free of cost by the government

·    Political commitments

·    Optimizing        health        care        through complementary medicine/Buddhist concepts and meditation

·    Public Private Partnership

Lecture discussion

Students will do

literature search on the topics

10(9hrs)

Challenges and opportunities of the Health

Care System

·    Acute shortages of qualified health workers

·    Rising cost of health care globally

·    Increased prevalence of disorders

·    Sustainability of free health care services both within and outside Bhutan

·    Increasing demand of the public for better quality of health care services free of cost

·    Difficult terrain of the country to provide effective health care services

·    Low literacy of the population

·    Ignorance   of   the   value   of   health   care services as everything is provided free of cost by the government

·    Political commitments

·    Optimizing        health        care        through complementary medicine/Buddhist concepts and meditation

·    Public Private Partnership

Lecture discussion

Students will do

literature search on the topics

10(10hrs)

Challenges and opportunities of the Health

Care System

·    Acute shortages of qualified health workers

Lecture discussion

Students will do

literature search on the topics

60

 

 

 

 

·    Rising cost of health care globally

·    Increased prevalence of disorders

·    Sustainability of free health care services both within and outside Bhutan

·    Increasing demand of the public for better quality of health care services free of cost

·    Difficult terrain of the country to provide effective health care services

·    Low literacy of the population

·    Ignorance   of   the   value   of   health   care services as everything is provided free of cost by the government

·    Political commitments

·    Optimizing        health        care        through complementary medicine/Buddhist concepts and meditation

·    Public Private Partnership

 

 

11(8 hrs.)

Concept of Gross National Health

·  Pillars of GNH

o Sustainable     and     equitable     socio- economic development

o Conservation of the environment

o Preservation and promotion of culture

o Good governance

·  Dimensions and indicators of gross national happiness.

·  Health indicators

Lecture   and   group

discussion

Students will be

given    broad idea of how happiness could be measured.

12(22hrs)

Analyze  our  health  care  delivery  system  in

relation  to  GNH  principles  and  state  how  it effects health and well being of the people

Group project

Students      will

present       their work.

 

 

Reading list

Main text

Anne Mc Murray, (2011). Community health and wellness: a socioecological approach. (3rd ed).

Mosby: Sydney.

 

 

Additional reading

Centre for Bhutan studies (2009). Psychological wellbeing. [Electronic version]. Retrieved on 1st

July 2009 from http://grossnationalhappiness.com/surveyReport/psychological/pwellbeingreprotdavid.pdf

Centre  for  Bhutan  Studies.  (2007).  Rethinking  Development.  Thimphu:  Phama  printing  and publishers

Centre for Bhutan Studies. (2008). Towards Global Transformation. (1st edition). Centre for

Bhutan Studies publication: Thimphu

 

 

Dorji,  C.  (2009).  A  paradigm  shift  in  Health  care  to  Increase  GNH.  [Electronic  version].

Retrieved                    on                    6th                    July                    2009                    from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/6.presentation.pdf

Lopen Gem Dorji. (2008). Happiness and spirituality. Dratshang Lhentshog. Tashichodzong: Thimphu

Selvaraj, M. & Ramachandran, L. ( 2009). GNH, Health and Economic Status of Bhutan. [Electronic version].Retrieved on 29th June 2009 from http://gnh- movement.org/papers/selvaraj.pdf

Selvaraj, M., Ramachandran, L. & Devados, V. ( 2009). Socio-economic analysis of healthcare sector facilitating the attainment of gross national happiness (GNH). [Electronic version]. Retrieved   on   6th   July   2009   from    http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/36. presentation.pdf

Ura, K. & Zangmo, T. (2008). Conference report. Health System Strengthening using Primary Health Care Approach. Paper presented at the regional conference on “Revitalizing Primary Health Care”. Jakarta, Indonesia, 6-8 August 2008.

Ura, K. & Galay, K. (2004). Gross National Happiness and Development. (1st  ed.). Centre for

Bhutan studies publication: Thimphu.

Vaswani.J.P. (2005). Secretes of Health and Happiness. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi. Wangdi. K (2009). Health Indicators. [Electronic version]. Retrieved on 1st July 2009 from

http://grossnationalhappiness.com/surveyreports/ health/health.pdf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Date: March 25, 2016
Royal Thimphu College